Cyber Criminal

We have been submiting articles since 2005. So we have listed many directories of article directories. I have just edited full good article directories.

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There is some confusion with regard to plagiarism and what constitutes fair use online. Some people are so afraid to violate copyright laws, or have their rights to their own intellectual property violated, that they miss great opportunities to see their work expanded.

The blogosphere has its own rules but those rules don’t discount traditional law. Stealing is still stealing, even on the Internet. But allow me to dispel some copyright infringement myths:

• It isn’t stealing if you attribute the source
• Copyright infringement does not entail using another person work if you add content of your own that creates new value
• Fair use entails adding enough content of your own to sufficiently prevent your content from consisting primarily or only of another individual’s content

If these guidelines seem a big vague, it’s because they are. When it comes to fair use and copyright infringement, there are a lot of gray areas. However, there is still enough black and white to draw some lines in the sand.

Christopher Alan Jennings of the American Law Division wrote a report for Congress titled “Fair Use on the Internet” and he said that courts weigh four factors with regard to fair use, whether online or off line:

1. Purpose and character of work in question
2. Nature of copyrighted work
3. “Amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole”
4. Effect of use of the work “upon the potential market”

In the blogosphere, it is considered acceptable to trackback to another individual’s blog or borrow from their blog and add comments of your own. If you engage in this practice, and you should, then do the right thing and link back to your sources. This is the online equivalent of citing references in your print or off line material. Your link back to the original source constitutes proper attribution. Of course, you could go a step further and identify your source by name, but it isn’t necessary.

An example of proper attribution would be the above link to the “Fair Use on the Internet” report. By linking back to the original source, you give your readers a chance to check your facts to see if you got them correct but also to see if you are interpreting them correctly. You let the readers be the judge. This will go a long ways with your credibility.

Before you use material from another website or blog, ask yourself these questions:

• Does this material add value or provide new understanding to my readers?
• Would my own comments regarding this topic benefit without this material?
• Am I willing to link back to this source?

This is not elementary and there is more to each of these questions than simply answering them without contemplation.

If the material you want to copy and paste adds new understanding to your topic and provides value for your readership then go ahead and use it, but be sure to give attribution to your source.

If your own comments will stand alone without the material you want to borrow, ask yourself if it is really necessary to borrow. If not, then leave it alone. If there is no way your own material can stand alone without borrowing someone else’s material then maybe you should reconsider your own knowledge of the topic. You want your own material to be able to stand on it’s own. Consider the other person’s work much like graphics on a web page: It is there to enhance, not be the primary focus.

Thirdly, if you are not willing to link back to your source then don’t bother using the material. Linking back is essential as an act of attribution and if you are not willing to do this then leave it alone.

So what should you do if you believe your copyrighted material has been stolen? First, right a letter to the webmaster or ezine publisher asking them to remove your material or attribute you as the source. Ask for a link back to your website. If they are not willing to provide that link then ask them to remove your material.

If you can’t get the result you want by doing this, go to Alexa or WhoIs and find out who the ISP is. Both websites provide that information and you can contact the ISP to report a violation of law. The ISP will investigate and if they agree with you then they can, and many will, shut the website down. If you go this route, provide the ISP with this information:

• Your name and contact information
• The website or blog where your material was originally published
• The exact wording of the copyrighted material that was stolen
• A copy of your correspondence with the publisher that you are accusing of fair use infringement

Bottom line: Just because your material is used doesn’t mean there is a copyright infringement and even if there is, it might be to your benefit to overlook it. Does the website provide a link back to you? If so, you are still benefiting from their use of your material. Ask yourself if it is more important to you to control your material in every way or if you want the benefits of links back to your website. You might find yourself saying, “It’s really no big deal.”

Online Poker is fast becoming an addiction in online gambling. As such, studies regarding its positivity and negativity have been argued by many scholars. This is not surprising at all because the fact is that online poker does have effects on the individuals who play them, regardless of the positivity or negativity of these effects. If you really want to understand why online poker is such a hit, consider the effects they have on a person first.

Increased Competitiveness in Online Poker

Online Poker is usually separate from online casinos because of increased activeness of the game. Such has compelled online casino owners to create yet another gambling joint dedicated to online poker alone. This increased activeness is brought about by thousands of poker players that play online poker not only for fun and games but also for the competition. What is good about playing online poker is that it instills a sense of heightened competitiveness. This can extend not only to online gambling but also a sense of competitiveness, too, in other fields. However, that a person who is competitive in online poker is also competitive in other aspects cannot be easily verified. For one, that person may be naturally competitive prior to his engagement in online poker. For another, he may be competitive only in online poker.

Addiction to Online Gambling

In the end, what may seem to be a positive effect of online poker can lead to a spiral of other negative effects. This is when a person becomes too hooked up in online poker that he ends up being addicted to it. This has been a reported problem that is omnipresent, much more in the field of online poker. You will do good to prevent yourself from being further addicted by lessening participation in tournaments and regulating activity in online poker rooms. This is something that you will have to do by yourself or by seeking the help of professionals.

Sharpening of Mental Ability

How is online poker beneficial to your mental well-being? Being a casino game that inherently needs much computation and prediction, online poker can sharpen your mental senses, especially when you have to use your mind in calculating what moves will guarantee you the win or what cards you need to retain. Hard as it may be to comprehend, you are actually sharpening your mental ability by exercising it through playing online poker.

In a highly unusual use of a federal law in which legal experts describe as “creative” and “aggressive,” a St. Louis, Missouri woman has been indicted in what may be the country’s first case of cyber-bullying. Federal prosecutors say Lori Drew, 49, and others created an account on the social networking site MySpace pretending to be a 16-year-old boy to fool her neighbor, 13-year-old Megan Meier.

According to prosecutors, Drew used the MySpace account to establish a relationship with Meier, acting for weeks to be a boy interested in forming a romantic relationship her. A short time later, Drew suddenly ended the relationship, taunting Meier and telling her the world would be better off without her. Consequently, a distraught Meier committed suicide by hanging herself.

Drew is Arrested and Charged with a Crime

The federal indictment, which was delivered in Los Angeles after state prosecutors in Missouri declined to bring charges, is unprecedented, and legal commentators believe it may seriously stretch the federal statute on which it was based. The indictment charged that in violation of MySpace terms of service, “Drew and co-conspirators knowingly and agreed with each other to intentionally access a computer … to further a tortious act, namely, intentional infliction of emotion distress.” According to the prosecution, Drew violated MySpace’s terms by using a fictitious name, among other things, and thus had no authority to access the MySpace service.

“This adult woman allegedly used the Internet to target a young teenage girl, with horrendous ramifications,” said United States Attorney Thomas O’Brien. “Any adult who uses the Internet or a social-gathering website to harass or bully another person, particularly a young girl, must realize their actions can have serious consequences.”

The Unprecedented Charges may Create a New Realm of Cases

The case presents a new wrinkle in the interpretation of federal law. Legal experts warned that such an interpretation could criminalize routine behavior on the internet. After all, people regularly create accounts or post information under aliases for many legitimate reasons, including avoiding spam and a desire to maintain their privacy online.

This new interpretation also gives a business contract the force of a law: violations of a web site’s terms of service could now lead to criminal sanctions, instead of just civil lawsuits or ejection from a site.

“I think the danger of applying a statute in this way is that it could have unintended consequences,” said John Palfrey, a Harvard law professor. “An application of a general statute like this might result in chilling a great deal of online speech and other freedom.” Drew is scheduled to be arraigned in St. Louis but the trial will be held in Los Angeles were MySpace is headquartered. If convicted of the charges, Drew faces up to 20 years in prison.

It is obvious that educational computer games are intended to enhance learning or perhaps even teach. However, there is evidence that playing any type of video game can improve a number of learning skills!

Observation Skills: While gaming you are highly motivated to be observant. Being successful requires you to be highly aware of your virtual ambiance. When playing multi-player you need not only be aware of your surroundings but concurrently of the other players’ actions.

Reading and Spelling: Reading and spelling quickly and exactly is necessary for success in many games. Regular practice is the number one way to sharpen these skills.

Logical Thinking and Problem Solving: It has been suggested that three essentials of improving cognitive skills are that the student be motivated, graduated and receive feedback. Video gaming lends itself to this strategy. Conscious practice is key for inspiration. Allow me to assume here that players are willful participants! Graduated refers to a gradual increase in complexity which parallels a game advancing in level. And feedback is accomplished by scoring and level advancement. Strategy planning is a huge element of problem solving and is necessary to be successful at a significant amount of games.

Vocabulary Development: Repetition, personal significance and imagery are key tools used to increase vocabulary. Video games are naturally rich in these qualities. Personal Relevance is chiefly interesting being that it is a virtual personal experience, but a personal experience none the less!

Map Making and Reading Skills: These skills are inevitably sharpened by using a small legend to navigate around a vast virtual area which can comprise different terrains using different types of transportation.

Although the degree of skills sharpened will vary depending on the game, the fact remains, that playing video games can develop a number of learning skills. These skills include observation skills, reading and spelling, logical thinking and problem solving, vocabulary development and map making and reading skills.

DWI laws and pending legislation have proliferated in recent years. The states that were always known as the proverbial bad states to be arrested for DWI can no longer be counted on one hand. In fact, the majority of the country has enacted sweeping reform as their respective responses to increased political pressure surrounding drunk driving. Hiring an experienced DWI attorney has never been more important to your financial and mental well being.

Legislators from Portland, Maine to Portland, Oregon have put forth Bills that at illustrate how few rights an individual who is accused of DWI actually has. This reform is fueled in part by activist groups like MADD and SADD who make it clear that they have the political clout and resources to ensure pain for any politician who opposes their agenda.

Most states now have adopted the .08 blood alcohol threshold. However, there are many scenarios which entail an even lower threshold. These instances can Include motorists who have prior convictions in certain states. If the motorist has a minor in the car the limit could be as low as .05 BAC. Those who drive commercially for a living with a CDL license are subjected to even stricter limits.

The consequences in the past varied widely by state. Each jurisdiction has its own nuances, but it is safe to say there is a common denominator of serious ramifications. First time offenders face severe monetary penalties along with possible loss of license for a full year. This is in addition to legal fees that range anywhere from four to eight thousand dollars.

Repeat offenders can expect the prosecution to demand that the sentence include jail time. Incarceration is ordered by an increasing amount of judges around the country. Second and third time offenders can expect to lose their driving privileges for a substantial amount of time. Three to five year license revocations are not uncommon, and without a skilled attorney to rebut the charges you can count on severe consequences.

Many states now invoke what is referred to as “per se” laws that entail automatic loss of rights and privileges upon the mere suspicion of drunk driving. This usurpation of power by the government is becoming ever more common. Currently, in many jurisdictions a motorist has agreed to sobriety tests and suspension of license for refusal immediately upon receipt of a license.

It is important that drunk driving defendants understand that the prosecution is out for blood. You have much more at stake then legal costs. The future price is hard to envision especially if it entails loss of your driving privileges for an extended amount of time. This could affect employment prospects, and additionally impact your ability to drive for employers that require an unblemished driving record.

DWI laws require homework as well as when it comes to identifying a quality DWI attorney. Many will tout promises that they cannot support. Look into their background, and find out if they have experience as a prosecutor in the past. Do not settle for any attorney that just has a general legal practice. Drunk driving charges represent a major event in your life and they should be so treated.

In a highly unusual use of a federal law in which legal experts describe as “creative” and “aggressive,” a St. Louis, Missouri woman has been indicted in what may be the country’s first case of cyber-bullying. Federal prosecutors say Lori Drew, 49, and others created an account on the social networking site MySpace pretending to be a 16-year-old boy to fool her neighbor, 13-year-old Megan Meier.

According to prosecutors, Drew used the MySpace account to establish a relationship with Meier, acting for weeks to be a boy interested in forming a romantic relationship her. A short time later, Drew suddenly ended the relationship, taunting Meier and telling her the world would be better off without her. Consequently, a distraught Meier committed suicide by hanging herself.

Drew is Arrested and Charged with a Crime

The federal indictment, which was delivered in Los Angeles after state prosecutors in Missouri declined to bring charges, is unprecedented, and legal commentators believe it may seriously stretch the federal statute on which it was based. The indictment charged that in violation of MySpace terms of service, “Drew and co-conspirators knowingly and agreed with each other to intentionally access a computer … to further a tortious act, namely, intentional infliction of emotion distress.” According to the prosecution, Drew violated MySpace’s terms by using a fictitious name, among other things, and thus had no authority to access the MySpace service.

“This adult woman allegedly used the Internet to target a young teenage girl, with horrendous ramifications,” said United States Attorney Thomas O’Brien. “Any adult who uses the Internet or a social-gathering website to harass or bully another person, particularly a young girl, must realize their actions can have serious consequences.”

The Unprecedented Charges may Create a New Realm of Cases

The case presents a new wrinkle in the interpretation of federal law. Legal experts warned that such an interpretation could criminalize routine behavior on the internet. After all, people regularly create accounts or post information under aliases for many legitimate reasons, including avoiding spam and a desire to maintain their privacy online.

This new interpretation also gives a business contract the force of a law: violations of a web site’s terms of service could now lead to criminal sanctions, instead of just civil lawsuits or ejection from a site.

“I think the danger of applying a statute in this way is that it could have unintended consequences,” said John Palfrey, a Harvard law professor. “An application of a general statute like this might result in chilling a great deal of online speech and other freedom.” Drew is scheduled to be arraigned in St. Louis but the trial will be held in Los Angeles were MySpace is headquartered. If convicted of the charges, Drew faces up to 20 years in prison.